Furry Diary

Tiny speed champion.

Roborovski Dwarf Hamster

Phodopus roborovskii

Also called Roborovski hamster, Robo, Robo dwarf hamster, Desert hamster, Roborovski's desert hamster

SpeciesDeep profile

From Sandy deserts and semi-deserts of Central Asia: mainly Mongolia (including the Gobi), with populations in neighbouring northern China (Xinjiang), eastern Kazakhstan (Lake Zaysan basin) and Russia's Tuva Republic.12

At a glance the quick version

Weight0.016 to 0.03 kg123
Length5.3 to 8.1 cm21
Lifespan1.5 to 4 years213
Sizetiny

Wikipedia gives an adult average of about 16 g; Animal Diversity Web gives 17.5-27.2 g, with males seasonally heavier; the Merck Veterinary Manual gives 20-30 g for pets.

Tiny and very lively, fascinating to watch
Can sometimes share a home with a same-sex sibling
Long-lived for a hamster
1453

Coat and looks how to spot one

short, dense sandy-coloured fur on a tiny rounded body

A very small, round hamster with a short tail, soft dense fur and a pale sandy-brown back. The belly and legs are white, and it has distinctive white spots above each eye that look like eyebrows, plus white patches by the ears. Unlike its Phodopus cousins it has no dark stripe running down its back.123

ColoursAgouti (natural sandy grey-brown)White faceHuskyPied / MottledHead spotWhite-from-white-facedPure whiteBlack-eyed whiteRed-eyedBlack / Blue1

Personality what they are like

A busy, speedy little hamster that spends its active hours running, digging and exploring. Robos are quick and wriggly rather than cuddly, so they tend to suit owners who enjoy watching natural behaviour more than frequent handling. When something surprises them they usually freeze rather than react defensively.12

Daily activity how busy a day looks

Very high. Most active in the evening and at night (in the wild at dawn and dusk too) and reported to cover several miles in a night. Provide a solid-surface wheel of about 20-22 cm, plus tunnels, hides and deep substrate for digging.1246

Grooming and care the hands-on bits

Self-grooming; no brushing needed. Offer a shallow dish of suitable sand for sand bathing as enrichment. Spot-clean every few days and deep-clean the enclosure once or twice a month. Handle close to a surface, and start handling young so they get used to it.47

Home where they are happiest

Blue Cross recommends an enclosure of at least 100 x 50 cm floor space and 50 cm high with at least 20 cm of diggable bedding. Use a solid floor and paper-based or dust-free bedding (avoid cedar and pine), with hay or shredded paper for nesting. Keep at roughly 18-26 °C.476

Food basics what goes in the bowl

A good-quality hamster pellet or seed mix as the base, with small ear-sized portions of fresh vegetables and occasional fruit, plus a little protein such as insects. In the wild they eat mostly seeds (70-90% of the diet) along with plant parts and insects. Scatter food to encourage foraging, and always provide fresh water (avoid grapes and rhubarb).284

Company who they like around

Solitary by nature in the wild, but with the right care and space they may live in same-sex sibling pairs; they are equally happy kept alone. Provide duplicate wheels, hides and food spots if housing more than one.245

The story where it all began

The species was first recorded in July 1894 by the Russian explorer Lieutenant Vsevolod Roborovsky during an expedition in Central Asia, and Konstantin Satunin gave it a formal scientific description in 1903, naming it after Roborovsky. London Zoo brought some to Britain in the 1960s, but steady breeding in the UK only took off after stock arrived from the Netherlands in 1990, following earlier success on the European continent. The United States received imports in 1998. Since then breeders have developed around ten colour and pattern varieties from the natural agouti.1

Fun facts for the dinner table

  1. 1

    It is the smallest of all hamster species.2

  2. 2

    Robos are reported to run up to about 6 miles (roughly 10 km) in a single night.1

  3. 3

    Unlike other dwarf hamsters in its genus, it has no dark stripe down its back, just white 'eyebrow' spots above the eyes.1

  4. 4

    Wild Robos dig burrows into sand dunes up to about 90 cm deep, with a nest chamber and two or three separate food stores.2

  5. 5

    Their urine contains a protein scientists named 'roborovskin', which helps them communicate by scent.2

  6. 6

    The species name honours Russian explorer Vsevolod Roborovsky, who collected the first specimen in 1894.1

  7. 7

    A 2020 short film called 'Roborovski', co-directed by Tilda Cobham-Hervey and Dev Patel, won festival awards.1

Recognised by the official bits

National Hamster Council (UK)
Governing body of the UK hamster fancy, founded 1949 and described as the oldest such organisation in the world; covers keeping, exhibiting and breeding hamsters. Species-specific standard text was not retrieved.9
Scientific description
Described by Konstantin Satunin in 1903 from a specimen collected on V. Roborovsky's expedition; the smallest of the three Phodopus species.1

The care rhythm Furry Diary remembers it for you

A typical home-care rhythm for a Roborovski Dwarf Hamster. It is our own starting plan, not a vet's advice, and you can change every line in the app.

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Where this comes from

Every breed page shows where each fact comes from. If we got something wrong, sorry, we are pet people, not a science magazine. Tell us at [email protected] and we will fix it.

  1. Roborovski dwarf hamster - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.orgused for names, range, history, size, lifespan, colour varieties, fun facts
  2. Phodopus roborovskii - Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan) animaldiversity.orgused for range, habitat, size, weight, lifespan, wild diet, behaviour, burrows, fun facts
  3. Description and Physical Characteristics of Hamsters - Merck Veterinary Manual merckvetmanual.comused for pet weight, lifespan, coat
  4. Hamster care - Blue Cross bluecross.org.ukused for enclosure size, bedding depth, wheel size, social housing, diet portions, handling
  5. Hamsters - RSPCA rspca.org.ukused for social needs of dwarf species
  6. Providing a Home for a Hamster - Merck Veterinary Manual merckvetmanual.comused for temperature, bedding, wheel surface
  7. Hamster environment - RSPCA rspca.org.ukused for bedding, cleaning
  8. Hamster diet - RSPCA rspca.org.ukused for diet basics, water
  9. National Hamster Council hamsters-uk.orgused for recognition (UK hamster fancy)

Checked 2026-09-30. Text is written in our own words from these sources.